关于URL组成部分的指南

Posted on 十一月 29th, 2010 by Jerry Jee

作者：Matt Cutts Google反垃圾网站组的带头人

让我们来解剖一个 URL 的所有部分。我将告诉你，在 Google 通常所涉及的分别指 URl 的哪些不同部分。这是一个有效的 URL，并包含很多元素：

http://video.google.co.uk:80/videoplay?docid=-7246927612831078230&hl=en#00h02m30s

以上 URL 的组成元素分解：

传输协议是：http，类似的协议还包含：https，ftp， etc。
主机或主机名：video.google.co.uk 。
子域名是：video。
域名是：google.co.uk。
顶级域名（TLD）是：uk。uk 指的是国家顶级域名（ccTLD）。比如：google.com 其中顶级域名是 com。
二级域名（SLD）是：com.uk。
端口：80，这是 web 服务器的默认端口。其他的端口也是允许的，比如：web 服务器还可以听端口8000。当端口是80 时，很多人放空不写。
路径：/videoplay。路径通常指一个文件或 web 服务器上的一个位置。如：/directory/file.html 。
以上 URL 包含参数。参数名字是 docid，参数的值是-7246927612831078230。URLs 可以有很多参数。参数以问号（?）开始，以（&）隔开。
看到了“#00h02m30s”了吗？这称为一个字符串或一个命名锚链。字符串过去通常指网页文件中的一个内部片段。在这个例子中，这个命名锚链的意思是“2分30秒后跳转到视频”。我现在想起来，Google 通过移除字符串以实现 URL 标准化。

什么是静态 URL 或动态 URL？技术上，我们认为静态 URL 指的是服务器返回一个页面时不需要进行任何数据库操作。动态 URL 指，在返回页面之前，服务器需要进行相应的运算。

一些人通过问一个问题来简单区别静态 URL和动态 URL：“这个URL 中有没有问号（？）”。如果有问号，则一般认为是动态 URL；相反，则一般是静态 URL。当然，这不是一个硬性而有效的规则。比如，http://www.jerryji.cn/archives/7421.html 这个URL 看起来像是静态的，但它却需要 web服务器来处理。

阅读本文的人还阅读：

URL标准化是什么意思？

如何把动态链接静态化？

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